What does sanitization mean in the context of infection control?

Sanitization in the context of infection control refers to the process of reducing the number of microorganisms to safe levels, effectively minimizing the potential for infection. This involves ensuring that areas, surfaces, and instruments are free from harmful levels of pathogens. In this regard, the absence of infection or infectious material highlights the goal of sanitization, as it aims to create an environment that is safe and free from the risk of spreading infectious diseases.

While the process of sterilizing instruments is important, sterilization goes beyond sanitization by completely eliminating all forms of microbial life, which includes bacteria, viruses, and spores. Disinfecting surfaces is related but primarily focuses on eliminating specific pathogens rather than achieving the broader goal of overall sanitation. Therefore, sanitization encompasses a wider scope focused on overall health and safety in infection control practices, which is best represented by the absence of infection or infectious material.